Kumadori
Bold red, blue and brown lines painted over a white base in Kabuki theatre, tracing the muscles of the face.
Kumadori is the stage makeup of the aragoto, the "rough style" of Kabuki. Over a white oshiroi base, lines are painted along the face's muscles and veins to exaggerate expression. Red lines mark heroes, strength and passion; blue marks villains or dark forces; brown marks spirits and monsters. The style is traditionally credited to the actor Ichikawa Danjūrō I in the late seventeenth century. Actors paint their own faces.